Surveying is defined as the science of making measurements of the earth specifically the surface of the earth. This is being carried out by finding the spatial location (relative / absolute) of points on or near
Surveying is defined as the science of making measurements of the earth specifically the surface of the earth. This is being carried out by finding the spatial location (relative / absolute) of points on or near the surface of the earth.
Different methods and instruments are being used to facilitate the work of surveying.
The primary aims of field surveying are :
- to measure the Horizontal Distance between points.
- to measure the Vertical elevation between points.
- to find out the Relative direction of lines by measuring horizontal angles with reference to any arbitrary direction and
- to find out Absolute direction by measuring horizontal angles with reference to a fixed direction.
These parameters are utilised to find out the relative or absolute coordinates of a point / location.
The planning and design of all Civil Engineering projects such as construction of highways, bridges, tunnels, dams etc are based upon surveying measurements.
Moreover, during execution, project of any magnitude is constructed along the lines and points established by surveying.
Thus, surveying is a basic requirement for all Civil Engineering projects.
Other principal works in which surveying is primarily utilised are
- to fix the national and state boundaries;
- to establishcontrol points;
- to prepare topographic map of land surface of the earth.